WEBVTT NOTE duration:"00:04:35" NOTE recognizability:0.873 NOTE language:en-us NOTE Confidence: 0.804486714166667 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.639 Do a couple more questions, kind of NOTE Confidence: 0.804486714166667 00:00:02.639 --> 00:00:05.020 about cancer biology in general and. NOTE Confidence: 0.841744860555556 00:00:07.270 --> 00:00:09.485 Cancer biology was really coalescing NOTE Confidence: 0.841744860555556 00:00:09.485 --> 00:00:12.534 as a field when you were in NOTE Confidence: 0.841744860555556 00:00:12.534 --> 00:00:14.790 the first part of your career, NOTE Confidence: 0.841744860555556 00:00:14.790 --> 00:00:16.848 and what do you say is? NOTE Confidence: 0.841744860555556 00:00:16.850 --> 00:00:19.146 Where is it now? What is it? NOTE Confidence: 0.841744860555556 00:00:19.150 --> 00:00:20.984 What's going on now in the field? NOTE Confidence: 0.841744860555556 00:00:20.990 --> 00:00:21.938 That's very innovative? NOTE Confidence: 0.841744860555556 00:00:21.938 --> 00:00:23.834 What are the exciting new directions? NOTE Confidence: 0.5881211 00:00:27.100 --> 00:00:27.670 Well. NOTE Confidence: 0.916399821 00:00:29.930 --> 00:00:31.625 Knowing the genetic changes that NOTE Confidence: 0.916399821 00:00:31.625 --> 00:00:33.320 occur in cancer is crucial. NOTE Confidence: 0.82706176 00:00:36.520 --> 00:00:41.998 Because different cancers. May have to have. NOTE Confidence: 0.82706176 00:00:41.998 --> 00:00:44.426 Different solutions for treatment. NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:00:48.940 --> 00:00:50.515 We know that radiation can NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:00:50.515 --> 00:00:52.560 kill a lot of cancer cells, NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:00:52.560 --> 00:00:54.650 but it can also create. NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:00:54.650 --> 00:00:58.400 Future cancers at the site. NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:00:58.400 --> 00:01:02.860 And so there are limitations. NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:01:02.860 --> 00:01:06.675 And we know from treating some cancers, NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:01:06.680 --> 00:01:10.616 especially a few of the ones in childhood. NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:01:10.620 --> 00:01:13.490 That chemotherapy can be very NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:01:13.490 --> 00:01:15.786 good without heavy costs. NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:01:15.790 --> 00:01:17.910 For example, when I was a medical student, NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:01:17.910 --> 00:01:21.070 no child had ever been cured of leukemia. NOTE Confidence: 0.946349820909091 00:01:21.070 --> 00:01:23.420 Now the cure rate is 85%. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:25.450 --> 00:01:29.580 And this this is due to drugs. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:29.580 --> 00:01:32.308 And they are not horrible drugs in the NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:32.308 --> 00:01:34.615 long run that further for the treatment. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:34.615 --> 00:01:35.740 They might seem that way, NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:35.740 --> 00:01:38.152 but ultimately they're OK, NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:38.152 --> 00:01:42.730 so we have long term survivors already. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:42.730 --> 00:01:45.526 So that's one of the brightest NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:45.526 --> 00:01:47.390 things that's ever happened. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:47.390 --> 00:01:49.675 But getting into the adult NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:49.675 --> 00:01:53.320 cancers is very tough. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:53.320 --> 00:01:55.960 Because the adult cancers. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:55.960 --> 00:01:59.920 We're really struggling to be made. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:01:59.920 --> 00:02:02.380 And so they're rather complicated. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:02:02.380 --> 00:02:03.616 By the time you have it, NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:02:03.620 --> 00:02:06.620 it multiple events. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:02:06.620 --> 00:02:09.436 And you don't know where to shoot it. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:02:09.440 --> 00:02:10.874 The children's cancers. NOTE Confidence: 0.781704101428572 00:02:10.874 --> 00:02:13.742 This is the cause bang dead. NOTE Confidence: 0.870912852857143 00:02:16.690 --> 00:02:18.790 If you were a young scientist today, NOTE Confidence: 0.870912852857143 00:02:18.790 --> 00:02:21.325 what fields would most excite NOTE Confidence: 0.870912852857143 00:02:21.325 --> 00:02:24.650 you and what would you select? NOTE Confidence: 0.870912852857143 00:02:24.650 --> 00:02:27.298 I think the neuroscience NOTE Confidence: 0.870912852857143 00:02:27.298 --> 00:02:29.920 is really the. Future. NOTE Confidence: 0.585626839 00:02:32.100 --> 00:02:33.888 How? How do our brains work? NOTE Confidence: 0.664819215 00:02:36.180 --> 00:02:38.288 It's pretty interesting field. NOTE Confidence: 0.8820396225 00:02:40.960 --> 00:02:43.880 And we we, we know quite a lot. NOTE Confidence: 0.8820396225 00:02:43.880 --> 00:02:46.118 But there's a lot to go. NOTE Confidence: 0.93143386875 00:02:48.870 --> 00:02:52.446 I think it's hard to beat that question. NOTE Confidence: 0.93143386875 00:02:52.450 --> 00:02:54.418 Not that people are going to NOTE Confidence: 0.93143386875 00:02:54.418 --> 00:02:55.730 stop doing Cancer Research. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:02:57.840 --> 00:02:59.288 But as you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:02:59.288 --> 00:03:02.836 we have two kinds of cells in our body NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:02.836 --> 00:03:05.416 cells that are renewing like skin. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:05.420 --> 00:03:08.717 And the problem there is that they. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:08.720 --> 00:03:11.919 May get off track and make cancer. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:11.920 --> 00:03:14.027 And then there are the cells that. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:14.030 --> 00:03:17.150 We have a limited number. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:17.150 --> 00:03:19.625 Especially in the heart and NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:19.625 --> 00:03:22.100 neural part of the brain. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:22.100 --> 00:03:25.040 And their degenerative diseases NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:25.040 --> 00:03:29.990 are the important thing. And. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:29.990 --> 00:03:32.727 So we're always going to have cancer, NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:32.730 --> 00:03:35.222 and we're always going to have these NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:35.222 --> 00:03:36.839 degenerative diseases because they are. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:36.840 --> 00:03:41.672 Part of natural nature. For example, NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:41.672 --> 00:03:44.738 the oldest people that ever lived. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:44.740 --> 00:03:49.240 Nowadays are what, 120 years? NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:49.240 --> 00:03:52.576 And the oldest people from ancient NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:52.576 --> 00:03:55.940 Greece are about 90 something. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:55.940 --> 00:03:57.980 Somebody like Michelangelo was NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:03:57.980 --> 00:04:03.110 93 when he died. So the longest. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:03.110 --> 00:04:05.486 Live people haven't changed NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:05.486 --> 00:04:08.456 all that much through history. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:08.460 --> 00:04:11.484 But the numbers that get that NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:11.484 --> 00:04:15.360 have changed drastically. So. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:15.360 --> 00:04:17.920 We're getting, as you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:17.920 --> 00:04:19.984 the fastest growing group of people NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:19.984 --> 00:04:22.378 in the country now in our country, NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:22.380 --> 00:04:24.640 those over 90 years old. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:24.640 --> 00:04:26.500 That group is growing faster NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:26.500 --> 00:04:27.988 than any other group. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:27.990 --> 00:04:28.770 Well Doctor Knudsen, NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:28.770 --> 00:04:30.876 I'd like to thank you for taking the NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:30.876 --> 00:04:32.507 time to talk with me this morning. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:32.510 --> 00:04:34.170 Thank you very much. NOTE Confidence: 0.912104101052631 00:04:34.170 --> 00:04:35.000 Thank you.